Ch-11 ICT Tools and its Usage
1. Definition of ICT
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) refers to the infrastructure and devices that enable people and organizations to create, process, store, and transmit data digitally across connected networks. Four key examples include: (i) Smartphones (hardware for mobile connectivity and communication) (ii) The Internet (global network infrastructure linking devices worldwide) (iii) Cloud Storage Services like Google Drive or Dropbox (digital infrastructure for remote data management) (iv) Video Conferencing Software like Zoom or Microsoft Teams (applications enabling real-time remote collaboration) Common tools associated with the ICT i) Computer Network ii) Internet and Tele-Communication iii) Cyber Law iv) Ethical issues in ICTComputer Network
A computer network is a group of two or more interconnected devices such as computers, smartphones, printers, or servers that communicate with each other using cables or Wi-Fi to share data, files, internet access, and hardware resources. Example : Home Wi-Fi Network , Office or School Computer Lab Network etc.Advantages of Computer network
1. Resource Sharing 2. Easy Data Sharing 3. Centralized Data Management 4. Improved CommunicationTelecommunications
The transmission of information (voice, video, text, or data) over significant distances using electronic or electromagnetic signals.The Internet:
A global system of interconnected computer networks that communicate using the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite.Types of Computer Network
LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers and devices across a small, limited geographical area, such as a single home, office, or school building. It offers high data transfer speeds and is typically owned and managed by a single organization or individual. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, such as an entire city, town, or large university campus. It often interconnects multiple local networks using high-speed fiber-optic cables or microwave links, typically operated by a municipality or telecommunications provider. WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans vast geographical distances, connecting devices across cities, countries, or the entire globe. It relies on public networks, satellites, and leased telecommunication lines, with the internet being the largest and most prominent example of a WAN. Email (Electronic Mail) is a digital service for sending, receiving, and storing messages over the internet.Common Uses of Email
i. Communication: Exchanging quick messages or updates with family, friends, and colleagues. ii. Professional Work: Sending formal correspondence, reports, job applications, and business files. iii. Account Registrations: Creating and managing accounts across apps, websites, and online services. iv. File Sharing: Attaching documents, images, and spreadsheets to messages.How to Create a New Gmail Account
i. Go to gmail.com and click Create account (select For my personal use). ii. Enter your First Name and Last Name, then click Next. iii. Input your Basic Information (Birthday and Gender) and click Next. iv. Choose an Email Address from the suggested options or create your own custom address. v. Create a strong Password, confirm it, and click Next. vi. Enter a Phone Number or Recovery Email for account security (optional/skip where applicable). vii. Review and Agree to Google's Privacy and Terms to complete setup.Cyber Law
Cyber law is a set of laws that deal with crimes and legal issues related to computers and the internet. In Nepal, cyber law supports the constitution by protecting citizens’ digital rights, privacy, and online security. In Nepal, the Electronic Transaction Act (ETA),2063 addresses issues related to cybercrime and helps in drafting and implementing laws against it. It is considered the first cyber law in Nepal.Computer Ethics
Computer ethics is a set of moral principles and values that govern the creation, management, and use of computers, networks, and software. It defines what is considered right or wrong behavior when interacting with digital technology and data. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics were created in 1992 by the Computer Ethics Institute (CEI) as a fundamental set of moral guidelines for using computer technology responsibly. 1. Do not use a computer to harm other people. 2. Do not interfere with other people's computer work. 3. Do not snoop around in other people's computer files. 4. Do not use a computer to steal. 5. Do not use a computer to bear false witness. 6. Do not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid. 7. Do not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation. 8. Do not appropriate other people's intellectual output. 9. Always think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing. 10. Always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.Exercise-11 ICT tools and its usage