1. Choose the correct answer.
i. Which of the following is not related to AI?
a. Behaving like human
b. Learning from past experience
c. Putting human brain in machine
d. Solving problems themselves.
ii. Which of the following is an example of AI?
a. Self driving cars b. Siri
c. Alexa d. All of the above.
iii. Which of the following is not an application of AI?
a. Gaming b. Automated grading
c. Expert system d. Manual typewriting
iv. In which type of learning is trained data used with correct answers?
a. Supervised b. No Supervised
c. Unsupervised d. Semi unsupervised
v. Which of the following learning has no hints or labels in data?
a. Supervised b. Supervised
c. Unsupervised d. Semi unsupervised
vi. Choose the AI chatbot developed by Google.
a. Deepseek b. Copilot
c. ChatGPT d. Gemini
vii. If you are a programmer, which chatbot will be more beneficial for you?
a. Copilot b. ChatGPT
c. Deepseek d. Gemini
viii. Which of the following is a service of cloud computing?
a. IaaS b. Saas
c. PaaS d. All of the above
ix. What is the process of buying and selling goods online called?
a. E-commerce b. Daraz
c. Online shopping d. None of the above
x. Which of the following is an e-Education tool?
a. Google classroom b. Zoom
c. ChatGPT d. Google meet
xi. Which of the following is an example of e-governance?
a. Online driving license renewal
b. Online fuel
c. Online passport
d. Online result
2. Write short answers to these questions.
a. Write any two popular e-commerce sites in Nepal.
Ans: Two popular e-commerce sites in Nepal:
- Daraz (daraz.com.np)
- Hamrobazar (hamrobazar.com)
b. Define e-governance.
Ans: E-governance (Electronic Governance) is the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the government to deliver public services, exchange information, and conduct administrative tasks efficiently and transparently to citizens.
c. Mention any two applications of AI.
Ans: Two applications of AI:
- Autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving cars)
- Healthcare diagnostics (e.g., AI-powered disease detection)
d. Which chatbot is useful for generating texts and images? Mention any two.
Ans: Multimodal AI chatbots like Gemini and ChatGPT can generate both text and images.
e. List any two applications of VR.
Ans: Two applications of Virtual Reality (VR):
- Immersive video gaming
- Flight and medical simulation training
f. Write two advantages of e-education.
Ans: Two advantages of e-education:
- Flexibility: Allows students to learn anytime and at their own pace.
- Accessibility: Enables remote access to educational resources regardless of geographical location.
g. Write two examples of e-governance in Nepal.
Ans: Two examples of e-governance in Nepal:Nagarik App Online e-Passport application system
h. What are the two popular e-commerce websites of Nepal?
Ans: Two popular e-commerce websites of Nepal:Daraz and Sastodeal
i. Write two applications of cloud computing.
Ans:Two applications of cloud computing:
- Online file storage and backup (e.g., Google Drive)
- Software-as-a-Service hosting (e.g., web-based email services)
j. List any four popular generative AI.
Ans: - Gemini
- ChatGPT
- Claude
- Copilot
3. Write long answers to these questions.
a. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI). Describe at least five of its practical applications in daily life.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables computers and machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Applications of AI in Daily Life
1. Voice Assistants: Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant understand voice commands and answer questions.
2. Recommendation Systems: YouTube, Netflix, and shopping websites recommend videos, movies, and products based on user preferences.
3. Navigation: Google Maps uses AI to analyze traffic and suggest suitable routes.
4. Spam Detection: Email services use AI to identify and filter unwanted or suspicious emails.
5. Facial Recognition: Smartphones use AI to recognize faces for security and photo organization.
Thus, AI has become an important part of daily life by making services faster, smarter, and more convenient.
b. What is machine learning (ML)? Explain how machine learning is related to Artificial Intelligence with suitable examples.
Machine Learning (ML) is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) focused on building systems that learn from data to improve their performance automatically, without being explicitly programmed.
- Relationship: AI is the overarching science of creating smart machines capable of human-like decision-making. ML is the specific tool or method used to achieve AI by feeding algorithms massive amounts of data.
- Example: AI is the concept of a self-driving car navigating a city. ML is the specific algorithm trained on millions of miles of driving footage to recognize stop signs and pedestrians.
c. Describe any four major applications of machine learning in real-world scenarios such as education, healthcare, or transportation.
Four Major Applications of Machine Learning
(1) Healthcare: Medical imaging algorithms analyze X-rays and MRIs to detect early-stage tumors with high accuracy.
(2) Transportation: Navigation apps (e.g., Google Maps) analyze real-time GPS data to predict traffic congestion and suggest faster routes.
(3) Education: Adaptive learning platforms (e.g., Duolingo) analyze student performance to personalize lesson difficulty and quiz topics.
(4) Finance: Fraud detection systems evaluate transaction patterns in real time to flag suspicious credit card usage.
d. Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised learning. Use examples to illustrate how each type functions.
| Supervised Learning | Unsupervised Learning |
|---|
| 1. It uses labeled data with correct output tags. | 1. It uses raw, unlabeled data with no target tags. |
| 2. The goal is to predict outcomes for new data. | 2. The goal is to find hidden patterns and groups. |
| 3. The model gets direct feedback on its accuracy. | 3. The model gets no feedback during training. |
| 4. Example: Filtering emails marked as "Spam" or "Not Spam." | 4. Example: Grouping shoppers into segments by purchase history. |
e. Explain the role of robotics in modern industries. Discuss how robots have transformed various sectors like healthcare, manufacturing, or education.
Role of Robotics in Modern Industries
1. Robots automate repetitive, precise, or dangerous tasks, dramatically increasing productivity, efficiency, and safety across industries.
2. Healthcare: Robotic surgical systems (e.g., da Vinci) allow surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures with extreme precision.
3. Manufacturing: Industrial robotic arms handle heavy lifting, welding, and high-speed assembly line operations in automotive plants.
4. Education: Educational robots (e.g., LEGO Mindstorms) provide hands-on platforms for students to learn STEM and programming fundamentals.
f. What is Generative AI? Discuss its importance and how it is changing the way we create digital content such as images, videos, and text.
Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence models capable of generating new text, images, videos, audio, or code by learning patterns from massive training datasets.
Importance: It shifts AI from merely analyzing existing data to actively creating original media, drastically speeding up content creation pipelines.
Impact on Digital Content:
Text: Tools like ChatGPT generate essays, reports, and code scripts in seconds.
Images: Platforms like Midjourney produce original digital artwork from text prompts.
Video: Models like Sora create complex, realistic video scenes from simple textual descriptions.
g. Discuss the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the development of smart cities. Include examples of how IoT improves urban life.
IoT connects physical devices—equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity—to collect and exchange data, making urban infrastructure responsive and efficient.
(1) Smart Traffic Signals: Sensors monitor intersection congestion dynamically to adjust light timing, reducing gridlock.
(2) Smart Waste Management: Trash containers equipped with fill-level sensors notify collection trucks only when full, optimizing route planning.
(3) Smart Energy Grids: Connected streetlights adjust brightness based on ambient light and foot traffic, lowering municipal electricity consumption.
h. Analyze the merits and demerits of e-commerce. Provide examples to support your answer.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
Merits:
- Global Reach & 24/7 Availability: Customers can shop anytime from anywhere (e.g., purchasing goods globally via Amazon).
- Cost Savings: Businesses lower overhead by operating without physical storefronts.
Demerits:
- Lack of Touch-and-Feel: Buyers cannot physically inspect items before purchasing, leading to higher return rates (e.g., fitting issues in online clothing orders).
- Security Risks: Vulnerability to data breaches and payment fraud.
i. How does e-governance enhance service delivery to citizens? Discuss with examples from sectors like health, education, or transport.
E-governance uses digital technologies to deliver public services transparently, efficiently, and directly to citizens.
(1) Healthcare: Digital portals (e.g., Telemedicine apps) allow citizens in remote areas to book appointments and access digital medical records online.
(2) Education: National e-learning portals provide open-access textbooks and centralized online exam registration.
(3) Transport: Online portals handle driver's license renewals, vehicle registration, and digital toll collection (e.g., FASTag), eliminating long physical queues.
j. Evaluate the advantages of e-education. How has it changed the traditional learning environment for students and teachers?
E-education leverages digital platforms, virtual classrooms, and online resources to deliver learning materials.
- Key Advantages: Unmatched flexibility in location and schedule, access to diverse global courses, and cost-effective learning resources.
- Transformation for Students: Shifts learning from passive, schedule-bound physical attendance to self-paced, interactive, and personalized learning.
- Transformation for Teachers: Shifts the role from traditional lecturer to digital facilitator, utilizing automated grading tools, multimedia lessons, and learning analytics.
k. Define cloud computing. List and explain any four major services provided by cloud computing platforms.
Cloud Computing is the on-demand delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, and software—over the internet ("the cloud") on a pay-as-you-go basis.
(1) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides raw virtualized computing resources like servers and storage over the internet (e.g., AWS EC2).
(2) Platform as a Service (PaaS): Delivers hardware and software tools for app development without the complexity of managing underlying infrastructure (e.g., Google App Engine).
(3) Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers fully managed end-user applications over the web (e.g., Google Workspace, Microsoft 365).
(4) Storage as a Service (STaaS): Offers scalable remote data backup and file storage accessibility over the internet (e.g., Dropbox, Google Drive).
