Book Page: 22 Chapter-3 1. Fill in the blanks: a. hardware b. processing c. Buses d. Input e. motherboard f. megahertz(MHz) g. arithmetic logic unit h. cache i. Ports j. Port 2. Give the full forms of the following abbreviations: CPU = Central Processing Unit ALU = Arithmetic Logic Unit RAM = Random Access Memory SRAM= Static Random Access Memory DRAM=Dynamic Random Access Memory PROM=Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM=Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EEPROM=Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory BIOS=Basic Input Output System ROM=Read Only Memory PCB=Printed Circuit Board 3. Match the following: CPU = The brain of the computer system ALU = The component of the CPU where actual computations take place Control Unit= The nervous system of the computer EEPROM= A type of ROM in which the stored information is erased by using high voltage of electric pulses Cache Memory= A memory placed between the CPU and the main memory 4. Write technical terms for the following statements: a. Printed circuit board of where different components are connected = Motherboard b. The brain of the computer system, which is responsible for activating and controlling the operations of other units of the computer system = Central Processing Unit c. The nervous system of the computer = Control Unit d. The memory of a computer that stores data permanently= Read Only Memory e. The memory that acts as high-speed buffer between the CPU and the main memory = Cache Memory f. The devices that are used to get output or information from the computer = Output Devices 5. Select the best alternatives : a. The process of entering data and instructions is called 🡪 Input b. The device which is used to produce soft output 🡪 Monitor c. Faster memory of a computer 🡪 Cache Memory d. The example of the fastest memory is 🡪 Cache Memory e. Essential computing of computer take place at 🡪 Mircoprocessor 6. Answer the following questions in short: a. What is system? Ans: A system is a group of integrated parts or hardware, which have the common purpose of achieving some objectives. b. What is output? Ans: The process of producing useful information for the user is called output. c. What is firmware? Ans: The software which is installed permanently by the manufacturer during manufacturing of ROM is called firmware. d. What is secondary memory? Ans: The memory which is non-volatile in nature and has huge storage capacity is called secondary memory. e. What are ports? Ans: Connection points on the backside of CPU, which allow connecting the computing device is called ports. f. What is control bus? Ans: Bidirectional bus which control and coordinate the all computer system components such as input and output device, memory and CPU is called control bus. g. What is EPROM? Ans: EPROM can be erased and reprogramed. EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. 7. Answer the following questions: a. What is computer system? What are the main components of it? Ans: The collection of different hardware such as input device, CPU, output device to perform specific task is called computer system. The main components of computer system are: Input device Central Processing Unit Output Device b. What are buses? Explain them in brief. Ans: An electronic pathway through which data, address is travelled through one component to another of computer is called buses. There are three types of bus. They are control bus, address bus and data bus. c. What is an input device? Name any three input devices. Ans: Device through data and information is transfer to the computer is called input device. Three input devices : Keyboard , Mouse , Light Pen d. What is the CPU? What are the different parts of the CPU. Ans: Ans: The main processing unit of computer is called central processing unit. CPU is also called brain of computer. Different parts of the CPU are: 1. Control Unit 2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit 3. Memory e. What are the major functions of the CPU? Ans: (i) Performing arithmetic and logical functions (ii) Issuing commands to all parts of the computer system. (iii) Controlling the sequence of operations and sending results to the output unit. (iv) Controlling all the parts of the computer system f. What is ALU? What are the functions of ALU? Ans: The unit of the CPU which performs the arithmetic operation and comparison between two variables is called ALU. The functions of ALU is to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication , division as well as the comparison such as greater than, smaller than etc. g. State the functions of the control unit. Ans: The control unit repeats a set of four basic operations: fetching an instruction,decoding the ibstruction,executing the instruction and sending data for storing. h. What is primary memory? Explain the types of primary memory in brief. Ans:Primary Memory is a section of computer memory that the CPU can access directly.It's type are: 1. RAM:It is the most common type of memory found in computers.It is read/write memory. 2.ROM:It is permanent memory.It's contents are not lost when the computer is switched off. i. What is the cache memory? Write its function. Ans:The memory that acts as high-speed buffer between the CPU and the main memory is cache memory.It's function is it makes retreiving data from the computer more efficent j. What is an output device? Name any three output devices. Ans:The device that are used to get output from computer are called output devices.For Example:Speaker,Monitor,Projector,etc. k. What is ROM? Explain the different types of it in brief. Ans:ROM is permanent memory.It's contents are not lost when the computer is switched off.
Types of ROM 1. Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM): Programmable read-only memory (PROM), or one time programmable ROM (OTP), can be written to or programmed via a special device called a PROM programmer. Typically, this device uses high voltages to permanently destroy or create internal links within the chip. Consequently, a PROM can only be programmed once. Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM): Erasable programmable read- only memory (EPROM) can be erased by an exposure to the strong ultraviolet light (typically for 10 minutes or longer), then rewritten with a process that again needs higher than usual voltage applied. Repeated exposure to the UV light will eventually wear out an EPROM. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM): Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is based on a similar semiconductor structure to EPROM; however, it allows its entire contents to be electrically erased, then rewritten electrically, so that they need not be removed from the computer.
8. Write short notes on: a. Expansion slots : It is referred to as an expansion port, an expansion slot, is a slot located inside a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows additional boards to be connected to it. For example, if you wanted to install a new video card in the computer you'd purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible expansion slot. b. Motherboard : A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. The motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect. Motherboards can be found in virtually all computers, especially desktop and laptop PCs. c. Microprocessor : he microprocessor is the center of the computer. It processes instructions and communicates with the outside devices, controlling most of the operation of the computer. The microprocessor usually has a large heat sink attached to it. Some microprocessors come in a package with a sink and a fan included as a part of the package. Other microprocessors require you to install the heat sink and fan separately. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor.