(IX) Ans to Ch-9 Internet and Web Technology (HTML)

 Chapter - 9

Internet and Web Technology

  1. Fill in the blanks.

  1. HTML was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1990 AD.

  2. The full form of HTML is Hypertext Markup Language.

  3. The standard of HTML is maintained by W3C(World Wide Web Consortium).

  4. Most common web browsers are Google Chrome and Safari.

  5. Paired tags contains opening and closing tags.

  6. Examples of singular tags are <BR>,<HR>,<IMG>.

  7. There are 1 to 6 levels of the heading tags.

  8. An image can be inserted into the HTML document using <IMG> tag.

  9. The full form of URL is Uniform Resource Locator.

  10. MARQUEE tags provides scrolling text.

  11. Download means to copy data from the server to local computer. 

  12. An example of a pair tag is <HTML> tag.

  1. State True or False:

  1. HTML is a programming language. FALSE

  2. HTML tags are not case sensitive.TRUE

  3. A web browser is the software where we can type HTML codes.  FALSE

  4. An example of a browser is Google Chrome. TRUE

  5. Pair tags must not have a closing tag. FALSE

  6. </Line> tag is used to insert a vertical line. FALSE

  7. If the specified font is not available then the browser uses the default font. TRUE

  8. An image can be inserted in the in the web page using <Src>tag. FALSE

  9. A table is a collection of rows only. FALSE

  10. A table header row is defined with <TD>tag. FALSE  

  1. Answer the following questions:

  1. What is HTML? Explain it in brief.

ANSWER: HTML stands for Hyper text Markup Language , is used to prepare web pages, which are used in internet to exchange data and information. Tim Berners Lee, developed HTML in 1990 AD.


  1. Define a browser. Write examples of a browser.

ANSWER: An application program that is stored in the user’s computer, which is used to view the information of documents or web pages from around the world is called Web Browser.

Examples of Web Browser are as follows:

  • Google Chrome

  • Mozilla Firefox

  • Internet Explorer

  • Safari 


  1. Write the uses of a browser.

ANSWER: Web Browser is used to view the information of documents or web pages from around the world. The browser of the client computer retrieves web pages from the server and displays on the client’s computer. To make communication between the client browser and the server, they must use some protocols, i.e. HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP etc.


  1. Differentiate between pair tag and singular tag with some examples.

ANSWER:

Pair Tag

Singular Tag

i) The tag which has both opening tag as well as closing tag is called Pair Tag.

i) The tag which has only opening tag but does not have  a closing tag is called Singular Tag.

ii) Examples: <HTML> , <TABLE> tag

ii) Examples: <BR> , <HR> tag


  1. What are the basic tags of HTML? Write the structures of a HTML document.

ANSWER: 

The basic tags of HTML are as follows:

  • The <HTML> tag

  • The <HEAD> tag

  • The <TITLE> tag

  • The <BODY> tag


Basic Structure of HTML document

< HTML >

< HEAD >

< TITLE > Title of Web Page < / TITLE >

< / HEAD >

< BODY >

Body of the WEB PAGE

< / BODY >

< / HTML >

  1. Define formatting. Why is it necessary to format a HTML document?

ANSWER:

The tags which are used to make attractive web pages is called Formatting Tag.

Examples of formatting tags are < B > , < U > , < P >. < H1 > ,< BR > tags etc.

A HTML document is necessary to format because these tag makes the web pages beautiful and beautiful web pages attract viewers.

  1. Define tag attributes. Explain the attributes of <BODY> and <MARQUEE> tags.

ANSWER:

The other properties of tags, which are used to provide additional information to the browser is called tag attributes.





Attributes of BODY tag are given below:


Attributes

Description

BGCOLOR

It is used to change color by specifying a color by name or its equivalent hexadecimal number.

BACKGROUND

It specifies the name of the “GIF” or “JPG” or “BMP|” file that will be used as the background of the document.

TEXT

It changes the body text color specified with the attribute.

LEFTMARGIN

It allows to set the left margin of the document.

TOPMARGIN

It allows to set the top margin of the document.



Attributes of MARQUEE tag are given below:


Attributes

Description

BEHAVIOR

It sets the movement behavior of marquee text. It may be Alternate or Scroll or Slide.

DIRECTION

It sets the direction of marquee text movement. It may be Left or Right.

BGCOLOR

It sets the background color for marquee text.

HEIGHT

It sets the height of marquee.

WIDTH

It sets the width of the marquee.


  1. What is Internet of things?

ANSWER:

An emerging technology across the world, which helps to connect sensors, vehicles, hospitals, industries and consumers through internet connectivity is called Internet of Things.

  1. Define a table. Explain the different tags supported by a table.

ANSWER:

A collection of rows and columns is called table. It is used to display data in a tabular form.

Table related tags are explained in the table below:

Table related tags

Description

<Table> …. </Table>

It contains all table related tags.

<TH>....</TH>

It is used to define Table header.

<TR>....</TR>

It is used to define Table row.

<TD>....</TD>

It is used to define Table data within <TR>....</TR>.


  1. What is a link? Explain the different types of links supported by HTML.

ANSWER:

A connection from one Web resource to another is called link. It is created so that clicking on a hyperlink or link, automatically sends the viewer to another destination.

There are two types of links:

  1. Internal Link: These are links within a document helps in the navigation of large document. For example: we have “move to top” link on some of the web page to navigate at the top of the document.  

  2. External Link: Linking from one web page to another document is called external link. For example, if we are using Gmail and we navigate to Facebook from Gmail, those links are called external links which has the full URL.

  1. What are the two different components of link? Explain with an example.

ANSWER:

Two components of a link are the Link and the Target. 

The link is the text in the main document that refers to another document.

The target is the document to which the link connects.

Example: 

< a href = “ plk.com.np” > PLK - Your Digital Friend </a>

Here, link is PLK - Your Digital Friend.

Target is plk.com.np


  1. Define hyperlink. Why is it necessary to use hyperlink in a document?

ANSWER:

HTML allows linking other HTML documents or images or part of the same document. Clicking on a special spot opens a new web page or allows jumping to the different locations of the same page. Such links are called Hyperlinks or Hypertext or Hotspot.

We can not put everything in a single web page. If we do so then our web page will seems very ambiguous. If we create one web page for a particular topic and so on. Then we need a tool to link them for better navigation. This tool is called hyperlink. That’s why it is necessary to use hyperlink in a document.

  1. What is cloud computing ? Write its advantages.

ANSWER:

Information Technology that provides services such as storage, databases, networking , software using internet is called cloud computing.


Advantages of cloud computing are as follows:

  • It provides fast services.

  • It reduces the cost of expenditure

  • It provides efficient services to the client.

  • With cloud computing, companies can reduce the size of their own data centers.

  1. What is CSS? Write two advantages of it.

ANSWER:

A document containing style information that can be referenced by multiple web page, style define appearance and formatting of content on web pages and allow authors more control over how contents is displayed in browser is called CSS (Cascading Style Sheet).

Two advantages of CSS are as follows:

  • CSS reduces the HTML code.

  • CSS can be defined once and it can be used in multiple HTML pages.


  1. List the different types of CSS and explain them in brief.

ANSWER:

Generally, there are three types of styles.

  • Inline Style Sheet

  • Internal Style Sheet

  • External Style Sheet


  • Inline Style Sheet: The style sheet in which  CSS can be written inside of HTMl tag using the style attribute which is called an “Inline style Sheet”. Inline style may be used to apply a unique style for single element. In general it is not considered a good practice.

  • Internal Style Sheet: An internal style sheet may be used if one single page has unique style. Internal styles are defined within the <style> element inside the <head> section of an HTML page.

  • External Style Sheet: An external style sheet is a separate file where we can declare all the styles which are required on the web site. It can be saved as a file with an extension “.css”. We can link the external style sheet from the HTML pages using <Link> tag.


  1. What is form? List the different elements of form.

ANSWER:

An interface on a web page that allows a user to enter data that is sent to a server for processing is called Form.

Elements of form are as follows:

  • Text

  • Password

  • Radio 

  • Reset

  • Submit

  • Textarea



  1. Write short notes on the following:

i) Web Site 

ANSWER:

A collection of related web pages is called web site. Web sites are stored on the special computer called web server. The web server stores thousands of web sites. Web sites are used to provide news, educational services, product information, database for any product, banking services etc.

ii)Web Browser

ANSWER:

An application program that is stored in the user’s computer, which is used to view the information of documents or web pages from around the world is called Web Browser.

Examples of Web Browser are as follows:

  • Google Chrome

  • Mozilla Firefox

  • Internet Explorer

  • Safari 

iii)URL

ANSWER:

HTTP uses the internet address in a special format, called Uniform Resource Locator (URL). It contains the protocol, the server name, the directory name and the file name. The following figures shows the format of URL:

https:// plk.com.np/upload/coverpage.docx 


Protocol

Server

Directory

filename

https

plk.com.np

upload

coverpage.docx


iv)WWW

ANSWER:

The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most important service available on the internet. It was created in 1990 AD by European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland to exchange and share data through the Internet using a protocol called hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). A hypertext document is a specially encoded file that uses the hypertext markup language (HTML).The language allows a web designer to use hypertext links or hyperlinks in the document. HTTP and hypertext links are the foundation of the World Wide Web.

v)Upload and Download

ANSWER:

Upload can refer to the sending of data from a local system to a remote system such as a server with the intent that the remote system should store a copy of the data being transferred.

Download refers to receiving data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such as a data transfer from a web server, email server, or other similar systems.


  1. Write down the syntax and purpose of following HTML tags: 

i) < BODY >

Syntax: < BODY >

Text and other tags

< / BODY >

Purpose: < BODY > tag is used for main body of the HTML document.


ii) < P >

Syntax: < P >

Paragraph ….

< / P >

Purpose: <p> tag is used to break the paragraph.


iii) < TR >

Syntax: < TR >

Table data

< / TR >

Purpose: < TR > tag is used define table row.


iv) < FONT >

Syntax: < FONT >

Text 

< / FONT >

Purpose: < FONT > tag is used to specify the font face (name), size , color.


v) <A>

Syntax: < A href = “filename or URL”  > Hypertext < / A >

Purpose: < A > tag is used to link the one web page with other.


vi) <Marquee>

Syntax: < MARQUEE >

Text

< / MARQUEE >

Purpose: <MARQUEE> tag is used to display the scrolling text in different directions.

vii) <H1>

Syntax:

< H1 >

Text 

< / H1 >

Purpose: < H1 > tag is used for heading level 1 i.e. biggest size.


viii) < TITLE >

Syntax: < TITLE > Title of the web page < / TITLE >

Purpose: < TITLE > tag is used to type the title of the HTML document.


ix) < B >

Syntax:  < B >  text < / B>

Purpose: < B > tag is used to display the text in bold face .


x) < I >

Syntax:  < I >  text < / I>

Purpose: < I > tag is used to display the text in italics.


xi) <Head>

Syntax: < HEAD >

< TITLE >

Title of the web page

< / TITLE >

< / HEAD >

Purpose: < HEAD > tag marks the beginning and ending of the heading section. It contains information about the page, script etc.


xii) < IMG >

Syntax:  


< IMG SRC = “ Image file ” Height = Value Width = Value Border = Value Align = “ Position ” >


Purpose: < IMG > tag is used to insert the image file on web page as per its attributes.


नोट : यो पाठ बाट 10 मार्क्सको प्रश्नहरु आउँछन् । 

Group “B” HTML ( 10 marks)

Q.N. 7 ) Questions Answer: 3 x 2 = 6

Q.N. 8 ) True / False or Match the following: 4 x 0.5 = 2

Q.N. 9 ) Write syntax for following actions:  4 x 0.5 = 2


  1. Write the HTML code for the following:

  1. Write an HTML code to prepare your own bio-data?

ANSWER:

< html >

< head > 

< title > Bio-data < / title >

< / head >

< body >

< h1 > Bio-data < / h1 >


< P >

< B > < U > Personal Information < / B > < / U > < BR >

Name : Raju Silwal <BR>

Date of Birth : 2075-01-01 BS <BR>

Father’s Name : Ram Prasad Silwal <BR>

Address : Kathmandu , Nepal <BR>

Religion : Hindu <BR>

Nationality : Nepali <BR>

Contact No : 01 - 1234567

< / P >


<P>

< B > < U > Education Qualification < / B > < / U > < BR >


Class 9 Studying in Rosebud School , Kathmandu


< / P >


< / body >

</ html >






  1. Write HTML codes to display the following output:

Computer System

  • SAARC COUNTRY

  • Nepal

  • Bhutan

  • Bangladesh

  • India

  • Sri Lanka

  • Maldives

  • Pakistan

=============================================================

Tourists Spot of Nepal

  1. Kathmandu

  2. Patan

  3. Bhaktapur

  4. Pokhara

  5. Lumbini

ANSWER:

< html >

< head >

< title > Computer System < / title >

< / head >

< body >


< h2 > Computer System< / h2 >

< ul >

< li > SAARC COUNTRY < / li >

< li > Nepal < / li >

< li > Bhutan </li>

< li > Bangladesh < / li >

< li > India < / li >

< li > Sri Lanka < / li >

< li > Maldives </li>

< li > Pakistan </li>

</ul>


<hr >

< h2 > Tourist spot of Nepal < / h2 >

<ol type = "a">

< li > Kathmandu < / li >

< li > Patan< / li >

< li > Bhaktapur< / li >

<li> Pokhara< / li >

< li > Lumbini< / li >

< / ol >


< / body >

< / html >


  1. Write HTML code to prepare a form to enter name, surname , father’s name, post, temporary address , permanent address , mobile number , salary , marital status of employee.

ANSWER:

< html >

< head >

< title >  Employee Entry Form < / title >

< / head >

< body >

< form >

  Name : < br >

  < input type = " text " name = " name " > < br >

  Surname: < br >

  < input type = " text "  name = " surname " > < br >

Father’s Name : < br >

  < input type = " text " name = " fathername " > < br >

Post : < br >

  < input type = " text " name = " post " > < br >

Temporary address:<br>

  <input type="text" name="temporaryaddress"><br>

Permanent address:<br>

  < input type = " text " name = " permannentaddress " > < br >

Mobile number : < br >

  <input type = " text " name = " mobilenunmber " > < br >

Salary : < br >

  < input type = " text " name = " salary " > < br >

  Marital status of employee : < br >

< input type = " radio " name = " maritalstatus "  > Married 

 < input type = " radio " name = " maritalstatus "  > Unmarried

< br >

< input type = " submit " value = " Submit" >

< / form >

< / body >

< / html >




  1. Write  HTML code to prepare a web page about your school. The web page should contain the following:

i. Write an introduction to your school.

ANSWER: 

< html >

< head >

< title >  Rosebud School - My School < / title >

< / head >

< body >

< p > 

Established in 1993 (2049 B.S), Rosebud School is a co-educational institute located at the heart of Kathmandu city. It offers education from the pre-primary level to Grade 12. Rosebud currently has about 1600 students. Our mission is to provide a child-centered learning environment within which every child has an equal opportunity to realize their full potential, have a healthy intellectual, physical and emotional growth and prepare themselves for life in a rapidly changing world. Instead of emphasizing only on academic growth, Rosebud School seeks to provide opportunity for holistic and all-around development of every child through our Complete Schooling Program (CSP).


< / p >



< / body >

< / html >










ii. Write about any two extracurricular activities of your school.

< html >

< head >

< title >  Rosebud School - ECA Activities < / title >

< / head >

< body >

< h1 > FOOTBALL < / h1 >


< p > 

In our school , there is a big futsal ground. We practice the football over there. We have very nice football coach. Our football coach name is Amir Sir. He teaches us very smart tricks to play football.


< / p >

< h1 > ADM (Art Dance Music) </ h1>

< p > 

We have very nice facility of ADM together. ADM stands for Art Dance and Music. We have very nice art room, dance hall and music room. We have  very excellent teachers for this ADM facility. Students enjoy this ADM period a lot.


< / p >



< / body >

< / html >





***** END OF CHAPTER - 9  *****